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This circuit has been designed to provide a clearly visible light, formed by 13 high efficiency flashing LEDs arranged in a pseudo-rotating order. Due to low voltage, low drain battery operation and small size, the device is suitable for mounting on bicycles as a back light, or to put on by jogger/walkers. IC1 is a CMos version of the 555 IC wired as an astable multivibrator generating a 50% duty-cycle square wave at about 4Hz frequency.... [read more]

Here's a power-on time delay relay circuit that takes advantage of the emitter/base breakdown voltage of an ordinary bi-polar transistor. The reverse connected emitter/base junction of a 2N3904 transistor is used as an 8 volt zener diode which creates a higher turn-on voltage for the Darlington connected transistor pair.... [read more]

This simple circuit mixes two or more channels into one channel (e.g. stereo into mono). The circuit can mix as many or as few channels as you like and consume very little power. The mixer is shown with two inputs, but you can add as many as you want by just duplicating the "input sections" which are clearly visible on the schematic.... [read more]

This device was designed on request; to control the light intensity of four filament lamps (i.e. a ring illuminator) powered by two AA or AAA batteries, for close-up pictures with a digital camera. Obviously it can be used in other ways, at anyone's will.IC1 generates a 150Hz square wave having a variable duty-cycle. When the cursor of P1 is fully rotated towards D1, the output positive pulses appearing at pin 3 of IC1 are very narrow.... [read more]

48 V ‘phantom’ powering has become the standard for professional condenser microphones. The supply (or rather bias) voltage is applied over both wires of the balanced screened cable via two 6k8 resistors (see reference [1]) – the absolute value is not critical, since a variation of ±20% is permitted, but they must be matched to an accuracy of 0.4% or better [2]. Many microphones are fitted with an output transformer, and derive their power from a center-tap on the secondary.... [read more]

It many times happens, we want erase or decrease in a musical song, the voice of singer or some other sound that usually is written in same level and in the two channels. If we remove between them two signals of channels, we can take in the output a mono signal without the voice.... [read more]