Signal Tracer Injector Circuit: Fault Find Audio & Radio

Description:

This straightforward diagnostic circuit is utilized for locating issues in audio and radio devices. It can be employed to introduce a square wave signal, abundant with harmonics, or utilized with headphones as an audio tracer.

Circuit diagram

Signal Tracer and Injector-Circuit diagram

Notes:

  • A single-pole double-throw switch is utilized to alternate between injecting and tracing modes. The diagram is represented in trace mode, with the earpiece connected to the collector of the final transistor. Both transistors are configured as emitter followers, offering substantial amplification. DC blocking is achieved by the 1n capacitor at the probe end, and the two stages are capacitively coupled.
  • When the switch is shifted to the opposing position (indicated by the blue dot), both transistors operate as an astable square wave generator. This generates sufficient harmonics from audio frequencies up to several hundred kilohertz and is beneficial for examining AM radio receivers.

More about components

Integrated circuits, frequently referred to as ICs, play a vital role in this circuit's operation. These complex components integrate multiple electronic circuits onto a single semiconductor chip, enabling compact and efficient designs. In this specific circuit, two NPN transistors are employed, each functioning as an emitter follower. These transistor types are commonly used for amplification and signal shaping. Specifically, the NPN transistors are used to provide high gain, enhancing the signal strength while minimizing distortion. They are fundamental building blocks in many electronic circuits, allowing for precision control and signal manipulation. Their small size and ease of use have revolutionized electronics, making sophisticated circuits accessible in a wide range of applications. The choice of NPN transistors is crucial for achieving the desired performance characteristics of the circuit, including gain, bandwidth, and stability. The transistors' characteristics are carefully selected to optimize the circuit's performance within specific operational parameters. The use of NPN transistors ensures reliable operation and contributes to the overall functionality of this diagnostic circuit.

author: Andy Collinson, anc@mitedu.freeserve.co.uk
circuit from http://www.zen22142.zen.co.uk/