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Door Handle Alarm Circuit Diagram
Hangs up on the door-handle
Beeps when someone touches the door-handle from outside
Circuit diagram
Parts:
- R1 1M 1/4W Resistor
- R2 3K3 1 or 2W Resistor (See Notes)
- R3 10K 1/2W Trimmer Cermet (See Notes)
- R4 33K 1/4W Resistor
- R5 150K 1/4W Resistor
- R6 2K2 1/4W Resistor
- R7 22K 1/4W Resistor
- R8 4K7 1/4W Resistor
- C1,C2 10nF 63V Ceramic or Polyester Capacitors
- C3 10pF 63V Ceramic Capacitor
- C4,C6 100nF 63V Ceramic or Polyester Capacitors
- C5 2µ2 25V Electrolytic Capacitor
- C7 100µF 25V Electrolytic Capacitor
- D1,D2,D4 1N4148 75V 150mA Diodes
- D3 5mm. Red LED
- Q1,Q2,Q3,Q5 BC547 45V 100mA NPN Transistors
- Q4 BC557 45V 100mA PNP Transistor
- L1 (See Notes)
- L2 10mH miniature Inductor
- Hook (See Notes)
- BZ1 Piezo sounder (incorporating 3KHz oscillator)
- SW1,SW2 SPST miniature Slider Switches
- B1 9V PP3 Battery
- Clip for PP3 Battery
Device purpose:
This circuit emits a beep and/or illuminates a LED when someone touches the door-handle from outside. The alarm will sound until the circuit will be switched-off. The entire circuit is enclosed in a small plastic or wooden box and should be hanged-up to the door-handle by means of a thick wire hook protruding from the top of the case. A wide-range sensitivity control allows the use of the Door Alarm over a wide variety of door types, handles and locks. The device has proven reliable even when part of the lock comes in contact with the wall (bricks, stones, reinforced concrete), but doesn't work with all-metal doors.
The LED is very helpful at setup.
Circuit operation:
Q1 forms a free-running oscillator: its output bursts drive Q2 into saturation, so Q3 and the LED are off. When part of a human body comes into contact with a metal handle electrically connected to the wire hook, the body capacitance damps Q1 oscillations, Q2 biasing falls off and the transistor becomes non conducting. Therefore, current can flow into Q3 base and D3 illuminates. If SW1 is closed, a self-latching circuit formed by Q4 & Q5 is triggered and the beeper BZ1 is activated.
When the human body part leaves the handle, the LED switches-off but the beeper continues to sound, due to the self-latching behavior of Q4 & Q5. To stop the beeper action, the entire circuit must be switched-off opening SW2.
R3 is the sensitivity control, allowing to cope with a wide variety of door types, handles and locks.
Notes:
- L1 is formed winding 20 to 30 turns of 0.4mm diameter enameled copper wire on R2 body and soldering the coil ends to the resistor leads. You should fill R2 body completely with coil winding: the final turn's number can vary slightly, depending on different 1 or 2W resistor types actual length (mean dimensions for these components are 13-18mm length and 5-6mm diameter).
- The hook is made from non-insulated wire 1 - 2mm diameter (brass is well suited). Its length can vary from about 5 to 10cm (not critical).
- If the device is moved frequently to different doors, Trimmer R3 can be substituted by a common linear potentiometer fitted with outer knob for easy setup.
- To setup the device hang-up the hook to the door-handle (with the door closed), open SW1 and switch-on the circuit. Adjust R3 until the LED illuminates, then turn slowly backwards the screwdriver (or the knob) until the LED is completely off. At this point, touching the door-handle with your hand the LED should illuminate, going off when the hand is withdrawn. Finally, close SW1 and the beeper will sound when the door-handle will be touched again, but won't stop until SW2 is opened.
- In regular use, it is advisable to hang-up and power-on the device with SW1 open: when all is well settled, SW1 can be closed. This precautionary measure is necessary to avoid unwanted triggering of the beeper.
More about components
The BC547 and BC557 transistors are NPN bipolar junction transistors. These transistors act as switches or amplifiers within the circuit. Their function is to amplify small electrical signals, allowing a small current at the base to control a larger current flowing between the collector and emitter. In this circuit, they primarily function as switches to control the current flow and trigger the LED and the beeper. The BC547 and BC557 are commonly used for general-purpose switching and amplification applications and provide excellent performance within the specified voltage and current ratings of the Door Alarm.
circuit from http://www.redcircuits.com/