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Build Your Own 5V-24V Fixed Voltage Power Supply
Description
A stable DC power supply is valuable in scenarios needing a consistent, unchanging output. This design offers simplicity alongside considerable adaptability, with the resulting voltage entirely determined by the selected regulator and transformer. The maximum current achievable is 1.5A.
Circuit Diagram
Components
- C1 2200µF 35V Electrolytic Capacitor
- C2, C4 0.1µF Ceramic Disc Capacitor
- C3 10µF 35V Electrolytic Capacitor
- D1, D2 1N4007 Silicon Diode
- BR1 2A 30V Bridge Rectifier
- U1 Regulator (See Details)
- T1 Transformer (See Details)
- S1 SPST 2 Amp Switch
- F1 2A 250V Fuse and Holder
- MISC Heatsink For U1, Line Cord, Case, Wire
Details
The regulator, U1, is a crucial component responsible for maintaining the desired output voltage. It acts as a precision voltage source, minimizing fluctuations and ensuring a reliable supply. Typically, a 7805, 7806, 7809, 7812, 7815, or 7818 series integrated circuit can be utilized depending on the required output voltage. These devices are three-terminal positive-voltage regulators, offering excellent stability and low quiescent current. They incorporate internal protection circuitry, safeguarding against overcurrent and thermal runaway. Proper thermal management, often achieved with a heatsink, is essential for optimal performance and longevity. The integrated circuits are designed to efficiently convert the AC voltage from the transformer to a stable DC voltage, delivering consistent power to the connected load.
Notes
- Due to the operation from 120 (or 220, or 240, etc.) volts AC, the project absolutely must be housed within a protective casing.
- The regulator, U1, will necessitate a heatsink to dissipate heat effectively.
- Careful selection of T1 and U1 is paramount to aligning with the desired output voltage. Refer to the table below for suitable options.
Output Voltage, T1, U1
- 5V - 6V, 1.5A - 7805
- 6V - 6V, 1.5A - 7806
- 9V - 12V, 1.5A - 7809
- 12V - 12V, 1.5A - 7812
- 15V - 24V, 1.5A - 7815
- 18V - 24V, 1.5A - 7818