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12V Motor Speed Controller/Dimmer Circuit Design
Description
This convenient circuit can be utilized as a speed controller for a 12V motor with a current rating of up to 5A (continuous) or as a dimmer for a 12V halogen or standard incandescent lamp with a power rating of up to 50W. It adjusts the power delivered to the load (motor or lamp) using pulse width modulation (PWM) at a pulse frequency of approximately 220Hz.
MICROELECTRONICS CORP has produced numerous DC speed controllers over the years, with the most recent being our high-power 24V 40A design featured in the March and April 2008 issues. Another widely used design is our 12V/24V 20A design presented in the June 1997 issue, alongside a variety of reversible 12V designs.
Circuit looks like:
Parts layout:
Connection diagram:
Circuit diagram:
Halogen lamps:
Although this circuit can dim 12V halogen lamps, it's important to note that dimming halogen lamps is an inefficient process. For applications requiring dimmable 12V lamps, it is significantly preferable to replace them with 12V LED lamps, which are now commonly available in bayonet, miniature Edison screw (MES) and MR16 halogen bases. These LED replacement lamps are considerably more energy-efficient, generate substantially less heat, and offer a notably longer lifespan.